The UK is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including several native reptiles that play a crucial role in our ecosystem. Some species thrive in the heathlands of southern England whilst other species prefer wetland habitats in the north, however the majority face significant threats. Read through our blog as we explore some of our native species, their habitats, and the challenges they face, along with an overview on some non-native species and how you can help in their conservation.
Native Species
- Grass snake (Natrix helvetica) IUCN status – Least Concern; stable population numbers.
Typically found near ponds, rivers, and wetlands, Grass snakes are adept swimmers and prefer habitats with abundant cover. They play a vital role in controlling amphibian populations, as they primarily feed on frogs and toads. Their green or brown colouration helps them blend seamlessly into their watery environments. - Adder (Vipera berus) IUCN status – Least Concern; populations decreasing in number.
The UK’s only venomous snake, the Adder is found in a range of habitats, including heathlands, woodlands, and coastal areas. They thrive among a mosaic style habitat, where they can bask whilst remaining in close proximity to scrub so they can easily access shelter if disturbed. Adders primarily prey on small mammals and lizards, helping to maintain an ecological balance. - Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) IUCN status – Least Concern; populations decreasing in number.
This elusive species prefers dry heathland and scrub habitats. Smooth snakes feed mainly on small mammals and other reptiles, including lizards. Their secretive nature makes them hard to spot, which contributes to their vulnerability as they rely on specific habitats that are increasingly under threat. - Common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) IUCN status – Least Concern; populations decreasing in number.
One of the most widespread reptile species in the UK, the Common lizard thrives in a variety of environments, from gardens to heathlands. These small, agile reptiles often bask in sunny spots to warm up. This species is unusual in its reproductive habits as they are known to give birth to live young (they incubate their eggs internally), but are also found to have sub-populations which reproduce through egg-laying! - Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) IUCN status – Least Concern; populations decreasing in number.
A rare species, the Sand lizard is predominantly found in sandy heathlands and coastal dunes. They are recognised for their vibrant green colouration during the breeding season. Conservation efforts are crucial for their survival, as their habitats are under constant threat from development and habitat degradation. - Slow worm (Anguis fragilis) IUCN status – Least Concern; stable population numbers.
Often mistaken for a snake, the Slow worm is actually a legless lizard! It prefers gardens, grasslands, and heathlands. Beneficial for controlling garden pests, Slow worms primarily feed on slugs and snails. They are at risk from habitat loss due to factors such as urbanisation.
Non-Native Species
Alongside our native reptiles, the UK has seen the introduction of several non-native species, including the Aesculapian snake, Wall lizard, Green lizard, European pond terrapin, and Red-eared slider. Though some of these species are able to coexist with native reptiles, others may compete for resources or introduce diseases. This makes monitoring their populations crucial for ecological balance.
Conservation Efforts
The conservation of UK native reptiles is crucial as many species face habitat loss, climate change, and human persecution. Organizations like the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (ARC) work tirelessly to monitor populations, restore habitats, and raise awareness about these fascinating creatures.
How You Can Get Involved
There are many ways you can contribute to reptile conservation. Below are a few examples:
- Create wildlife-friendly spaces: Plant native vegetation and avoid using pesticides to encourage reptiles into your garden.
- Participate in surveys: Join local wildlife groups to help monitor reptile populations in your area.
- Report sightings: Share your reptile sightings with organizations like ARC or using apps such as iNaturalist to help track species distribution and health.
- Educate others: Raise awareness about the importance of reptiles and the threats they face in your community.
By taking action to protect our native reptile species, we can help make a difference for these essential members of our ecosystem.
Written by Phill Robinson, Senior Aquarist at The Deep.